Loom



J. LUCAS June 13, 1940.

LOOI

Filed Sept. 29. 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. LUCAS June 18, 1940. I

LOOK

Filed Sept. 29, 1938 8 Sheets -S heet m u L Janalbazz v J. LUCAS June 18; 1940.

Filed Sept. 29. 1938 8 Sheets- -Sheet 5 1940- 'J. LUcAs 2,204,606

Filed Sept.- 29. 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Tonal/7312 Lucas W MAJ June 18, 1940. J. ug s' LOOII Filed Sept. 29, 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Jimafban Incas Patented June 18, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT orrlce LOOM Jonathan Lucas, Savannah, Ga. Application September 29, 1938, Serial No. 232,449 I 12 Claims.

This invention relates to looms or fabric weaving machines of that type in which the flying Y shuttle with its bobbin, which must be frequently replenished, is dispensed with, the filling being 6 drawn from independent supply cones or other suitable packages of yarn, onefor each side of the warp, and in the aggregate preferably containing sufiicient yarn to weave the entire yardage of the warp, a double filling yarn being carried through the open warp from opposite sides from the respective cones, alternately at each pick or opening of the shed, in the form of a loop, the bight of which is laid at the opposite side of the warp from that at which the loop entered the warp.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a loom of the type described, in which the loops constituting the double yarn picks are laid in the warp by cooperating carriers constantly mechanically controlled, in ensuring a perfect measured lay of the filling; with even tension, without slack or spot-overplus at any part of the filling yarn, and with no sudden pull or shock to the yarn.

A further object of the invention is the pro;-

filling from the'supply source at one side, to a to point in the middle of the shed, nor do they pass into one another, but meetand pass side by side a predetermined distance, Thus all danger of a crash or collision of the carriers within the confines of the shed is'avoided.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loom in which the carriers have disengaged from the yarns whichthey carry during the formation of the selvage loops, so that the carriers may be (Cl. 139-'-l24) dimension at the sides of the warp, until after the reed heats up the double filling yarn into its normal position, thereby avoiding excess shrinking and pull-ins of the fabric-in the process of weaving, and producing a fabric of uniform near reed width.

A further object-of the invention is to provide in a precision weaving machine, means for placing a double thread or filling yarn in the open warp at each' pick or opening of the warp, a1- ternately from opposite sides, in the form of a loop, the closed bight of this double yarn or filling being loop-locked at the selvage edge of the warp on the opposite side to that from which the loop v came in, with the preceding double yarn or pick on the same side of the warp, and the bight formed at the base of adjacent looppicks in the selvage at which the loop enters being brought around the neck of the bight at the selvage edge in the conventional form of a single thread weave, tieing' or locking the crossed warp yarns.

Another object of the invention is toprovide a reed with means carried thereupon at opposite sides for engaging in a bight of the loop of double filling upon the approach of the reed to beat-up position, to hold the bight in the path of the locking needle which lock-loops the'bights, permitting release of the bight by the carrier prior to the locking of the loop.

Another object of the invention is to provide a guide for controlling the motion of the reed, so synchronized with the bight-engaging means on the reed that after said bight-engaging means 1 has come under one yarn of said loop, said reed rises, spreading the loop and insuring that the engaging means shall pass between the two yarns of said lonp.

A further object of the invention is the proin the line of the selvages and form mechanical turningpoints for the yarn at the bases of the double filling loops where successive loops are laid from the same side of the warp, which temples preferably project inside the first warp thread so as to cause the filling yarn at the turning point to hug the warp tightly, each temple remaining vision of templeswhich assume definite positions in position until the next double filling loops goes in from its side, the main object of the temple being'to cause this next laid loop to draw solely from the supplysource and to prevent its drawing uponthe yarn which the temple is holding in place and which would narrow the fabric.

Another object of the invention is the provision in connection with the locking needle which looplocks the bights of the double filling loops, of a I cam plate adjacent said needle which depresses the upper limb of the loops adjacent the bight after the needle has passed through the loop, causing it to hug the needle so that it will assuredly be caught in the hook of the needle when the,

latter recedes.

another object of the invention is to provide a deflector on the needle and above the plane of the open latch for guiding the loop' as it slides back over .the latch to a plane beneath the latch 'so that it will assuredly close the latch and pass ofi of the needle when the latter recedes. I

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a notched cam plate for depressing the end of the double filling loop which leads to the supply source when the loop is beaten up by the reed, causing the said end to spring up into the notch where it is held in fully beat up position until embraced by the hooked end of the temple which dislodges it from the notch and holds it in beat-up position and in alignment for the carrier arm. I

A fabric weaving machine using arms to carry filling through warp shed toproduce a perfect fabric of a continuous'thread free from pull ins or over plus with uniform borders of a locked selvage as tight'as desired from continuous filling yarn supply (of difierent colors if desired) at each side carried into the warp alternately by arms irom opposite sides, the arms being only slightly longer than half the width of the warp and of as ing the features of thepresent invention;

- Figure 2 is a top plan view;

end of the loom; 4

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken along the "line 4-3 of Figure 1;

cam;

Figure 5 is a vertical section taken along the line' 55 of Figured;

Figure 6 is a front elevation of the temple cam: Figure 7 is a front elevation of the needle cam;

Figure 8 is a front elevation of the harness Figure 9 is a side elevation of one of the car riers, the intermediate part being broken away;

Figures 10 and 11 are sections taken respectivelyon the lines ill-4B and H- ll of Figure 9.

Figure 12 is a rear end view 01' the carrier showing the actuating pawls attached thereto, and one of the withdrawable trip cams.

Figure 13 is a plan view partly in section showing the relation of the carrier pawls to the trip cams.

- Figure 14 is a detail view in elevation showing the common train for oscillating the harness gear and operating the movable trip cams.

Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the carriers in mid position in the act of transferring the yarn.

Figure 16 is a similar view showing the carriers receding after having made the transfer,'it being notedthat only one double filling loop is involved in the transfer.

her which is, at the left inFigure 16, as having- Figure 3 is'an end elevation, viewing the right 21 of the loom; chains ill and 88 will presently be described, but

Figure 17 is a perspective view showing the cartraveled to a pontion outside the line of the selvage, showing the pin on the'approaching reed,

entering the loop preparatory to raising and opening the same, the proximity of the loop-locking needle and deflector cam being indicated.

Figure 18 is a similar view, the loop having been released by the carrier and being carried on the pin, approach of the lock needle being indicated by the position of the loop on the needle which has shifted from the top of the lock as shown in Figure 17 to a position at the rear of th lock and beneath the guard. Figure 19 is a similar view showing that the needle has entered through the loop while the latter is still held on the reed pin, the reed having moved forward in a beat-up direction to press the upper yarn of the loop against the deflector.

Figure 20 is a similar view, the reed having completed its beat-up movement and shown in a receding phase, the needle also receding and about to draw the newly hooked loop through the preceding loop.

Figure 21 is a perspective viewshowing that yarn of the loop last beat-up, which leads to the supply source, caught ina notch on the underside of the deflector preparatory to being released from said notch by the temple and being held in beat-up position by said temple.

Figure 22 is a similar View showing the yam referred to in the preceding. paragraph released. from the notch and held by the temple, the latter now acting as a turning point.

Figure 23 is a diagrammatic plan view showing wardly directed end extensions 4 and 5. These end extensions-support four parallel. rods 6, the

upper two of which are shown in Figure 2, the

front vertical pairbeing shown in Figure 1 and all of them being shown in section in Figure 4. These rods form a traclror guideway for two carriages 'l and B which reciprocate toward and away from one another,- operated by means which will later be described. Each of these carriages .supports a yarncarrier, said carriers being designated, respectively, by the reference characters 9 and I0.

Between the standards I and 2 are the'warp carrying instrumentalities consisting of the warp beam ii at the rear and the cloth beam I2 at the front, between which beams the warp is stretched. I The harness frames 13 and H are suspended at their ends, respectively,- from the opposite flights i5 and IQ of oscillating sprocket chains 17 and I8, there being one chain at each sideof the harness frames and said'chains passing over upper and lower sprockets l9 and 2d, respectively, said sprockets being supported upon a fixed member The means for oscillating the it can readily be understood that as the chains oscillate, one harness frame goes up while the other goes down, thus the shed which is clearly shown in Figure 4'is opened and reversed.

The carriers 9 and Ill have a range of movement which carries them outside of the line of selvage on each side of the warp and brings them n aaoaaoc into slightly overlapping relation in the middle of the shed. The carriers do not meet head-on from the points 22 and 23 in Figure 2. The. sources of supply may be cones, spools or other conventionalyarn packages and it is contemplated that the aggregate amount of yarn carried by both sources of supply shall be enough to weave the entire yardage of the warp. In

the event that the color or style of filling yarn is to be changed during the weaving, a larger number of cones may be provided, one carrying each color with selectors for presenting the proper 1 yarn at the right time to the carriers.

The yarns pass through tensioning devices 24 and 25 of conventional construction and which need not therefore be described, from which tensioning devices they pass through fair-leaders or direction changers 26 and 21 on the cross beam 3, the purpose of which is to bring the yarn diagonally across the path of the carriers and at a small angle to the direction of the fill.

Assuming that the carriers are in their extreme positions outside of the lines of the selvage and beginning with the right hand carrier, the function of this is to move forwardly, catch the yarn which lies diagonally across its path and push it into the open shed in the form of a loop having tensioned limbs and a bight or apex which grows progressively more acute as the carrier pushes it in. Both right and left carriers come in together and when they have reached their middle, slightly overlapping position, the right hand carrier transfers the loop which it is push,- ing, into the jaw of the left hand carrier, the latter carrier then drawing the loop the rest of the way through the shed to the edge of the warp opposite to that at which the loop entered. While the left hand carrier is drawing out the loop, the right hand carrier having delivered its yarn is returning to the adjacent edge of the warp. When both carriers have reached their outermost position, the one having brought out a loop and the other having returned idly, the shed changes. Then. the functions of the carriers reverse. The left hand carrier moves in, engaging the left hand yarn which crosses its path and pushes in a loop to the middle of the open shed whereupon the loop is transferred to the right hand carrier and drawn out to the right hand edge of the warp, the left hand carrier returning to its outermost position. While the carriers are returning to the respective edges of the warp after having made transfer of their yarns to the opposite carrier, they still engage the yarn affording more perfect control position and tension at all times. 1

The construction of the carrier will now be described. It consists of a flat channel member 28 bolted or otherwise secured to the carriage 'l.

cation is mounted by means of a pivotal connection 32 a jaw 33 which oscillates in a vertical plane. Said jaw has a forwardly opening indentatlon 34. when said jaw is in an upward position, the open end or mouth of the indentation 34 is above the plane of the upper surface of the anterior end of thecarrier so that when the carrier moves against the yarn which intersects its path, said yarn is deflected upwardly by the rounded end of said carrier and enters the indentation 34. When the jaw 33 swings downwardly it closes the recess 3| forming a hole through which the yarn can freely run but from which it cannot escape until the jaw opens. The jaw 33 is normally closed. Consider the right hand carrier to be in its outermost position and ready to move inwardly, with its jaw closed. As it approaches the yarn which crosses its path, the jaw is automatically opened by means which will presently be described.

The jaw is in open position when the carrier engages the yarn so that the yarn enters the indentation 34 and goes into the recess 3|. The means which opened the jaw now releases it, so the jaw closes. carrier reaches its middle position in the shed. Then when it and the opposite carrier are about to overlap, the jaw again opens. When it opens, the lower limb of said jaw raises the thread out of the recess 3| holding it above the level of the rounded end 30. The open jaw on the' other carrier now receives the yarn which is held out transversely in the path of the receiving carrier .by passing beneath alip I8! at the end of a recessed plate I88 extending laterally of the carrier on the side to be overrun by the opposite carrier when the carriers assume their lapping relationship. The jaws now move a little further in the overlapping direction, overrunning the means which held their jaws open so that the jaws of both-now close, loosely embracing the yarn.v The carriers now recede and the means which would open the jaw of the carrier which now holds the yarn, at the same phase in the travel of the carrier at which it opened on the inner movement of the carrier is rendered inactive so that the jaw dces not open but remains closed until the carrier is outside of the shed. It was, of course, very important that this carrier which is pulling the loop should remain closed while the loop is being drawn to the outer edge of the warp but it is altogether a matter of tension, position and control that the retreating right hand carrier shall still embrace its yarn as it starts to retreat. Its jaw is opened on the retreat stroke, releasing the yarn along which it is retreating. The jaw of the carrier which is pulling the loop through the shed does not open until several important functions have been performed.

One can logically infer that the phase for the opening of the jaws will not be the same for each advancing and retreating stroke of the carrier. Beginning with the function of pushing the loop into the shed by right arm and assuming that the normal position of the jaw is closed, the jaw opens just outside of the shed to enable the carrier to pick up the yarn on its entering stroke. The right jaw must again open when the carrier reaches the middle of the shed and is about to overlap the left carrier for purpose of raising the filling to alignment for transfer. Inasmuch as the carriers over-run their middle position until the left jaw closes around the thread, it is essential that on the outward stroke of the left jaw .it does not open at the center but merely opens once when it leaves the shed. n the next stroke inward of right arm, which may be termed an It remains closed until the idle stroke since it carries no thread but goes in to-receive a. thread from the opposite carrier,

it is not necessary that the right jaw should open at all until it approaches its middle position in .the shed. Then upon returning with the thread which it has received from the left earrier', it is essential that the jaw remain closed ,as it passes the middle position and that it remain closed until after the loop of yarn has beendrawn to a position outside of the shed and until certain operations have been performed preliminary to locking the selvage.

The opening of the jaw in these. diiferent proper phases is accomplished by a system of pawls on the carrier and a system of cams for engaging the pawls. Referring now to Figure 9,

it will be understood that the pivotally mounted jaw 33 is connected to a rod 35 carried by the arm 29 extending parallel thereto and slidable within a guide lug 36 carried by said arm. One

end of said rod is pivotally connectedtothejaw 33, with suitable lost motion to permit arcuate movement of the pivotal connection as the jaw rocks, the rear end of the rod 35 is engaged by a pivoted pawl 38 which will hereinafter be referred to as the long pawl. This pawl is normally in the substantially vertical position shown in Figure 9, kept against the rod. by the spg 2th, and

the rod 35 being normally kept pulled basis by' 3th the spring 6, to the limit of its movement in a rearward direction determined by the closed position of the jaw $3 to which the rod 35 is connected. This pawl has a sloping shoulder 31 at the rear of its lower end. It is obvious that 35 when the lower end of this pawl strikes a cam when the carrier is moving forward, the pawl rocks against the tension of the spring 38 moving the rod 35 in forwarddirection and opens the jaw .88 but that due to the sloping shoulder 31 am this pawl never efiects the openingoi' the jaw when the carrier." is retreating, for the sloping shoulder causes it to ride tiltingly over any cam obstruction. 'l'here is another pawl 3t hereinafter for convenience referred to as the short pawl pivotally mounted on the carrier end having an arcuate slot to which embraces a pin 68 on the arm 35. The lower end of the short pawl is beveled on the forward side. it is obvious that this pawl never causes an win-1 movement of the jaw 33 when the carrier is moving forward for the pawl simply rocks moving freely about the pin ti by virtue of the slot hi! and that;

the short pawl concerns itself solely with the opening of the jaw 83 when on the retreating g stroke of the carrier said pawl encounters a cam obstruction.

Now, on the adjacent face of the cross beam 3 or on a fixed bar which parallels said cross beam are a series of cams :32, 413, M and es, the cams 53 and it being fixed while the camsflM and M v are withdrawable through guideways in the cross beam 3 by means of instrumentalities presently to be descri.

Figure 12 shows the shape of the long pawl W 1 and short pawl so, also the shape oi the fixed cams t3 and t5 and-the movable c it and id. Figure 13 shows that the long pawl 8&3 travels in a path to engage the movable cam 32 and the fixed cam is while the short pawl 39 moves in "a W path to engage the fixed cam 33 and the movable cam M. Considering the left han'd carrier, for instance, on its first inward stroke wherein it pushed the loop of double filling into the shed,

the long pawl 38 strikes the movable cam. 42 7 which moves the rod 35 forward opening the jaw 83 to yarn-engaging position. The jaw then closes under the pull of the spring 48 when the pawl ll has ridden over the cam 42. Cams 41 and 44 may be disregarded in this movement oi the carrier as they are engageable only by the short pa'wl which rides freely over them on this stroke. When the carrier has reached the middie of the shed, the long pawl 38 engages the fixed cam 45 which again opens the jaw in readiness for the transfer of the yarn to the opposite carrier. on the return stroke of the carrier, the short pawl 39 strikes the movable cam 44 releasing the yarn which at once springs into a straight line with the yarn which has been pulled through by' the opposite carrier, underthe influence of the tensioning device 25. On the next inward stroke of the left hand carrier which may be termed its idle stroke since it carries no yarn, the movable cam 42 is withdrawn so that the long pawl 38 does not strike it and the jaw 38 consequently remains. closed. When the head of the carrier has reached the middle of the shed, the long pawl .38 strikes fixed cam Q5 and the jaw opens, in readinessto receive theyarn transferred from the-opposite carrier. 0n the next return stroke in which the left hand carrier functions to pull the yarn through'the shed, the movable cam 44 is withdrawn so that the short pawl 38 does not strike it so that the jaw remains closed untilthe head of the carrier has passed outwardly of the edge of the warp. Finally, the short pawl 39 strikes fixed cam 33 and the jaw 33 opens torelease the bight of the loop of drawn-in yarn, but this does not happen until the loop is otherwise held at a slight distance from the selvage.

It will be noted from Figure 11 that the side of the recess 3| which the yarn engages when it is being pulled by the carrier is so shaped that the yarn assumes a slanting position against the forward wall of said recess bringing the top yarn I of the filling loop at a higher level than the bottom yarn it for a purpose that will soon appear.

It will be observed in Figure 2 that the two limbs or yarns ii and 48 which constitute the limbs of the double filling loop make a small acute angle with a line parallel to the fell and that both are 01 the same length through the width of. the warp. They have been laid under an even tension determined by the tensioning devices 2d and 25 and at an approximately even speed characterized. only by a very slight acceleration and deceleration toward the respective limits of mo-= tion. Therefore, when these yarns are beat 'up by the reed there will be no unevenness in tension or what is known as spot-overplus which vrr'ieans areas of fullness in the filling yarn. This is in sharp contradistinction to the conventional filling shuttle which is driven by the impact blow of the picker-stick and therefor startsout at maximum velocity which is quickly reduced through friction of the shuttle with the warp yarn in the shed. Inertia draws an an excess length of yarn from thebobbin in the shuttle which yarn disposes itseli in a wavelike line through the shed, which when beat up forms a filling with tight and full spotsgiving rise to unevenness in the weave and an impairment in the strength oi the fabric. 1 I It will be understood from whathas been described up to this point that the weft of the fabric consists of loops laid in alternately first from one side and. then from the other 01 the warp from separate supply sources of yarn and that the-bights of these loops arereleased in the line are provided, as will appear, for loop-locking these bights preferably by a conventional locking stitch, these interlocked bights forming one element of the selvage. It will readily be understood that there is another element to consider in the formation of the selvage in that when successive double filling loops are laid frdm the same side of the-warp there is a turning point of the yarn against the warp. These turning points also have to be locked forming another element of the selvage.

First, referring to the loop-locking of the bights of the double filling loops, the reference character 49, Figures 2 and 17 to 20, inclusive,

represent the reed which is carried by the lay 5D. The lay consists of a pair of spaced yokes 5i and 52 which embrace the upper and lower corners of the reed and are themselves .pivotally attached to the spaced pivoted bars 53 and 54. Said bars are rocked by mechanism which will be later described. The yokes 5i and .52 and consequently the reed are guided in lateral channels 55 and 56. It will be seen from Figure 4 that the'lay has rollers 51 which ride in said channels. The channels slope upward at the points 58, shown in Figure 4, and the reed consequently moves vertically upward at this point for areason as will appear.

Referring now to Figure 4 and the series of Figures, 17. to 20, inclusive, the reed at opposite sides is provided'with pins 59 and 89 projecting outwardly from the reed in the plane of travel of the carriers and toward the path of the carriers. Figure 17 shows the left hand carrier near its extreme retracted position outside of the shed but with the jaw still closed and the yarn retained. It has already been explained that due to the shape of the forward face of the recess 3|, the bight of the loops is held slantingwise. Figure 1'? shows that the more elevated yarn 41 is on the side next to the reed. In Figure 17 the reed 49' is moving toward beat-up position and the pin. 59 has just protruded beneath the top yarn 41 of the fllling loop. The layis Just about to reach the points 59 in the channels 55 and 56 which will cause the reed .49 to rise vertically and the pin'59 to move upwardly against the underside of the top yarn 41 to open said loop. This act is solely for the purpose of insuring that on its further forward movement the pin 59 will pass above the bottom yarn 48 of the loop. Fig- -two directions, one from the last beat-up pick ure 1'! shows a iixed deflector cam 6| arranged perpendicularly to the path of the carrier, and a locking needle 62 lying parallel to and close behind said deflector cam. The yarns 41 and 4B in the position of parts shown in Figure 17 are a not in contact with said deflector cam. The purpose of the latch needle is to lock the bights of the double filling loops in the selvage by a conventional locking stitch. Figure 18 shows that the reedl9 has moved a little further forward in its beat-up direction,

that the pin 59 has passed through both sides of the loop, that the carrier has moved out to its extreme limit so that the jaw 33 has opened releasing the bight of the loop, the carrier, not

closer to the deflector cam 8|. It will be noted from Figures 1'7 and 18 that the bight 53 of the preceding double filling loop on the same side of the warp is already on the needle behind the latch. Figure 19 shows that 'the reed l9 and pin 59 have moved still further in the beat-up direction of the reed, that the latch needle 52 has passed through the loop and that the latter is now lying on top of the latch. This figure also shows that the movement of the reed and pin 55 has brought the top yarn 41 of the loop into contact with the downwardly sloping face of the deflector cam BI and has depressed the top yarn 41 causing it to closely hug the latch needle so that upon the retreat of the latch needle the loop is sure to be hooked by said needle. It will be noted that the latch needle is provided with a guard 64 back of the latch and bifurcated in a vertical plane so that it slightly overlaps the arc r of movement of the latch permitting the end of the latter to pass through the bifurcation. When the latch is in its full opened position, prongs 65 of the guard are above the latch leaving a space reed has accomplished its beat-up and is nowretreating. The latch needle is also retreating. The previously formed loop 69 is about to close the latch and pass off of the end of the needle over the newly caught loop 66'. It is thus that the bights of the double filling loops are interlocked in the selvage.

Qne of the important functions of the loom of the present invention is to produce selvage edges which are at .a mechanically determined distance apart equal substantially to the width of the reed and to produce a fabric which is not subiect to narrowing and in which the tension of each pick shall be uniform. It is obvious in the absence of such a mechanical provision that when the carrier pushes against a yarn one end of which} is continuous with the last beat-up pick and the other end of which leads to the source of supply, the tension produced by the pushing in of the yarn will cause the yarn to be drawn from and the other from the source of supply. This would result in a pull on the last beat-up pick shortening it, increasing its tension, and pulling in of the selvage edges toward one another resulting in narrowing of the fabric. The me-: chanical means which the presentinvention pro-e vides for inhibiting this drawing upon the pick already laid and beat up comprises a pairofspaced temples 98 and 61 each consisting of an cs-- cillating armpivoted as at 68 to a face member of the loom below the plane of the warp and terminating in a hooked end 69 which may be DI'Or-l jected upward to a slight distance above the plane of the warp and retracted to an inactive position The temples work in the vertical planes of the selvage edges and being turning points for the filling yam' they positively determine the width of the fabric and the uniform tension of the weft fillings. I

Referring now to the group of Figures 21 to 24, inclusive, it be observed that the de-l fiector cam tI has a notch 10 at the base ofits downwardly sloping surface and that when the last laid double filling loop is' beat up, the and II which leads to the supply source is pushed into the notch I0 and thus temporarily held in beat-up position. It will be understood from Figure 23 in which the web is viewed from beneath that when the next double filling loop is formed by the carrier engaging the portion H1 of yarn'which leads to the supply source, for ex-- ample, at the point represented by the arrow I2, it will form a bight where the portion H- joins the last beat-up pick. Before the carrier engages selvage by the opposite carrier has been laid, the

the portion II, the temple I56 which has formed the turning point for the previously turned bight and which has retracted from the fabric while the last pick from the opposite side was being laid, swings up and toward the web so as to embrace the last laid pick at the point It, Figure 23. The hooked end 69 of the temple is directed rearwardly, that is to say, toward the fell of the fabric so that its-action in engaging the last beatup pick is to draw the portion ll of the yarn outof the notch 10 so that the portion ll now assumes the position 'II, Figure 23, transferring its point of deflection from the notch 10 to the temple 6. The carrier then moves in in the direction of the arrow I2 and turns the yarn at a sharp angle about the temple 66, the latter thus constituting, for the moment an immovable and mechanically determined turning point. When. the double filling loop formed by the incursion of the carrier into the shed in the direction ofarrow I2 and by the drawing of the same loop from the middle of the shed to the opposite shed reverses, the loop is beat up and the bight around the temple is firmly and tightly fixed in v the selvage. It will be understood from the contemplation of Figure 23 that the bight formed around the 'temple also embraces the neck of the alternating loop laid in from the opposite side of the warp so that the bight formed around the temple is locked by the neck of the double fill-1 ing loop which -it embraces. ,It is apparent that: on account of the mechanical turning points af'-' forded by the temple, the yarn which goes to. make the double filling loop is drawn solely from the source of supply and not at all from the last pick which has been beat up and is held in place by the temple so that the tension of all of the weft fillings is uniform and there is no shortening. of the last beat-up pick to cause drawing in or narrowing in thewidth of the fabric. I

Figure 23 shows clearly that the selvages are formed of two series of elements, the inter-' looped bights of the double filling loops drawn.

alternately from opposite sides of the warp, and

the bights formed at the bases of successive double filling loops on the same side of the warp and which bights embrace and are locked by the necks of the double filling loops adjacent the loop-locked bights. a

The fabric as woven is wound upon a cloth roll I2 through the instrumentality of a sand roll Ii positively actuated step by step through the instrumentality of a ratchet wheel 10 on the shaft of the sand roll driven by an oscillating pawll'l synchronized with the movements of the loom. The cloth roll I2, is driven from the sand roll I5 by a connection such as a belt I8 capable of slipping under excess load. The fabric ,is looped around the sand roll 15 sufliciently to assure nonslipping traction between the fabric and the surface of the s and roll. The pawl 11 operates the diameter of the fabric roll l2 progressively increases in the course of winding, the increasing differential between an arc at the surface of the fabric roll and an arc of equal angularity on the sand roll is compensated by slippage at'the belt I8 relative to the cloth roll so that the tension of the winding of the cloth roll remains constant.

The following sets of what may be termed end instrumentalities" have now been described.

(a) The oppositely reciprocatory carriers, with the pawls and cams that. control the sequence in the operations of the jaws of the carriers.

' (b) The harness reciprocating chains.

(0) The reed and lay, with the pins on the reed that hold the bights of the double filling loops and presents them to the latch needles.

(d) The temples for mechanically maintaining the width of the fabric constant and substantialy equal to the width of the reed.

(e) The pawl and ratchet means for winding the fabric on the cloth roll.

(f) The latch needle operating mechanism.

These are directly involved in the production of the fabric and constitute both singly'and which, through'the gears 82 and 83, drives a pulley 86 with a belt connection to a larger pulley 06 on the end of the drive shaft Bl. All of the above tabulated "end instrumentalities are driven from this drive shaft. A handle 88 on the pulley B6 permits the loom to be operated by hand when occasion so requires.

Figure 4 shows that the drive shaft 8! has a bevelled gear 89 meshing with a bevelled gear 90 which drives a'shaft 9| carrying at its end a crank wheel 92 which is massive, serving also as a flywheel. A gear 93 on the shaft 9i meshes with a gear 04 which drives a shaft 95. On the opposite end of said latter shaft is a gear 95 meshing with a reverse gear 97, the latter meshing with a gear 98 on a stub shaft 99, the latter shaft being coaxial with the shaft 9| and carrying at its end a massive crank wheel I00 similar to the crank wheel 92,

' Figures 1 and 3 show that the carriers 1 and 8 have links NH and I02 pivotally connected thereto, said links being pivotally connected in the upper ends of pitmen I03 and I04, the latter being pivotally supported at their lower ends to the frame of the loom. Crank arms I05 and I06 are connected in opposite phases to the respective'crank wheels 92 and I00 and through the rotation of said crank wheels inopposite directions, due to the interposition of the reverse gear $1. the carriers I and 8 are reciprocated to and from one another.

' 9,904,606 train including the serially meshing gears I84,

I36, I36 and I31. The face of theharness cam has a continuous cam groove I08 substantially one-half of which is a concentric arc I09 of relatively large radius while substantially the other half is a concentric arc H0 of relatively small radius. Said arcs are connected by approximately radially extending'groove portions III and H2. A'crank-arm H3, Figure 14, carries a roller I I4 which travels in said cam groove. Said crank arm is kept close to the face of the harness cam and the roller thereby retained within the cam groove by a bifurcated portion H5 of said crank arm which slips upon the shaft H6 of the harness cam between said cam' and the connect the cam arcs of large and small radius,

the crank arm H3 will reciprocate first in one direction then in the other, imparting an oscillatory motion to the gear H8. This oscillatory motion is communicated to a gear H9 which is on the shaft I20, said shaft carrying a gear I8I meshing with a gear I82 on the same shaft with the lower sprockets20 of the harness chains. Thus, an oscillatory movement is imparted to said chains so that the harness frames which are attached to the opposite flights of said chains move in opposite phases to one another and ar alternately reciprocated up and down.

The gear H8 also imparts oscillatory motion to a gear I2I on a shaft I22, Figures 3, 4 and 14. Said shaft carries a small crank wheel I23 having an eccentrially mounted crank I24 which when the shaft I22 oscillates imparts oscillatory movement to an arm I25 fixed with respect to a shaft I26, the latter shaft extending parallel to the cross beam 3, see Figure 2, and substantially throughout the length of the range of movement of the carriers 1 and 8. On said shaft are fixed radial arms I21 to the ends of which are pivotally mounted the rods I28 which operate the movable cams 42 and 44 which affect the opening movement of the jaws 33 of the carriers.

The reed is actuated by a pair of lay bars 53 and 54 pivoted at their lower ends to a fixed part of the loom and being pivotally connected at their upper ends to the yokes 5i and 52 which yokes carry the reed as has been described: -The lay bars are actuated by connecting rods I29 and I30, the ends of which are eccentricallypivoted to the reed cranks I3I and I32, and in the same phase so that the lay bars work together. The reed cranks are fixed to a shaft I33 on one end of which is a gear I34 which through the intermediary of the gears I35 and I36 is driven from the gear I31 on the drive shaft 81. The function of the rise in the reed guide channels 55 and 56 has already been referred to in connection with the opening ofthe bights of the double filling loops by the pins on the reed. The elevation of the reed before the beat up takes place has another advantage in that it causes the lower part of the reeds adjacent the lower reed frame mem bet to strike the fell, this lower part of the reed being considerably stiffer than ,the middle portion of the reed and therefore imparting a closer beat up. e

Figure 24 shows that thelatch needles s: are mounted on slides I38 movable along guides I39.

Said slides are respectively connected to levers I40 and HI, one on each side of the loom, said levers being fixed to shorts'hafts I42 and I43 carried in suitable supporting bearings I44 and I45. Said shafts each have an arm I46 and I41 pivotally connected to links I48 and I49, the

.outer ends of which carry rollers, one of which is shown at I50 in Figure '7 and which rollers travel in ovoid cam grooves on the face of the needle cams .I5I and I52 which are mounted on the opposite ends of a shaft I53. As the latch needles operate alternately, the needle cams are mounted in opposite phases. .The construction of the links I48 and I49 are best shown in Figure 4, being similar to the cam arm H3 of the harness operating mechanism.

The shaft I53 carries a bevelled gear I54 meshing with'a small bevel gear I55 at the top of the vertical shaft I56. The lower end of this shaft carries a bevelgear I51 meshing with a bevel gear I 58 on the end of a shaft I59 which by means of meshing bevelled gears I60 and I 6I connectswi'th the drive shaft 61.

The temples 66 and 61 are pivotally mounted at their lower ends as indicated by the reference on a shaft I10 at opposite sides of the warp. As

the temples operate alternately, the temple cams are mounted in opposite phases. The links I65 are constructed in the same manner as the links I48 and I49. The shaft I10 carries a sprocket I1I upon which rides adriving chain I12, the lower end of which chain passes over a sprocket I13 carried by a shaft I14 which at its opposite end has a gear I15, meshing with a gear I16 on the shaft 99. a

The shaft I14 also carries at its outer end a gear I11 which drives a crank gear I18, Figure 3. A connecting rod I19 is eccentrically pivoted to the crank gear I18 at one end and at its other what I believe to be a preferred and practical.

embodiment of my invention, it will be understood to those skilled in the art that the specific.

details of construction and arrangement of parts as described are by way of illustration and not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

What I claim is:

l. Loom of that type in which the weft filling is drawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp fed from, separate supply sources, tensioning means for said yarns at opposite sides of said warp, carriers reclprocable in opposite phase in a path extending transversely of the warp between the line of the fell and said tensioning means, from positions outside the warp to lapping positions at the middle of the shed, said carriers cooperating to lay a double fill loop through the shed derived alternately from Opposite yarns,

'jaws on said carriers, so shaped as to freely embrace the yarn permitting it to run through said v jaws, said opposite yarns between the line of the fell and said tensioning means intersecting the path of said jaws, means for operating the jaws of said carriers, so synchronized that the jaw of one opens at'the beginning of each alternate of its inward strokes to'receive the yarn which it engages at a point between the fell and tensioning means, that the jaws of both open at the middle of the shed to effect transfer oi the yarn from the one to the other of said carriers and then close, that the jaw of the one carrying the bight of the transferred loop opens to release said bight beyond the line of the selvage, and that the jaw of thesimultaneously returning other carrieropens in the course of its return stroke to release theyam which it embraces.

2. Loom of that type in which the weft filling isdrawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp fed from separate supply sources, tensioning means for said yarns at opposite sides of said warp, carriers reciprocable in opposite phase in a path extending transversely of the warp between the line of the fell and said tensioning means,

from positions outside the warp to lapping positions at themiddle of the shed, said carriers cooperating to lay a double fill loop through the vshed derived alternately from opposite yarns, at

each reversal of said shed, normally closed jaws on said carriers, so shaped as to freely embrace the yarn permitting it to run through said jaws, said opposite yarns between the line of the fell and said positioning means intersecting the path of said jaws, means for operating the jaws of said carriers, so synchronized that the jaw of one opens at the beginning of each alternate of its inward strokes to receive the yarn which it engages at a point between the fell and tensioning means, that the jaws of both open at the middle of the shed to effect transferof the yarn from the one to the other of said carriers and then close, that the jaw of the one carrying the bight of the transferred loop opens to release said bight beyond the line of the selvage, and that the jaw of the simultaneously returning other carrier opens in the course of its return stroke to release the yarn which it embraces, the carrier which first engages the yarn pushing. in a loop to the middle of the shed, the carrier to which the loop is-transferred drawing it beyond the opposite side of the shed, a reed for beating up the double fill loop thus laid, and a temple engageable with the fell yarn of the beat up double fill loop at the selvage line acting as a fixed turning point for the yarn at the base of the next loop pushed in on the same side of the warp as said temple, assuring that the said next loop shall be drawn solely from said supply source and not in part from said fell, and mechanically determining a uniform .width of the fabric, said temple being duplicated on the opposite side of said warp,

said temples being alternately actuated.

-3. Loom of that-type in which the weft filling is drawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp fed from separate supply sources, means for laying double fill loops through the shedof the warp from said yarns alternately in opposite directions at each reversal of the shed, a reed for beating up the double fill loops thus laid, means '-on each side of the warp for loop-locking the bights of the double Ifill loops laid at that side,

meanson each side of the warp operable in alternation to engage the fell of the double fill loop.

aaoaeos tions as a mechanical turning point, forming a bight about the neck of the intervening last laid double fill loop from the opposite side, and determining a uniform width for the fabric.

4. Loom of that type in which the weft fillin is drawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp fed from separate supply sources, means for suitably tensioning saidyarn, carriers acting in alternation, at each reversal of the hed, for catching said yarns and laying double fill loops through the shed from opposite directions bringing the bights of said loops a slight distance beyond the selvage line on each side, said carriers being constructed to hold one side of the loop above and in advanceof the other, a reed for beating up each double fill loop, pins projecting from the sides of the reed toward the web, and in vertical planes embracing the selvage edges, said carrier-held loops being in the path of travel of said pins when the reed moves forward to beatup, a guide for said reed having an upward jog effective before the beat-up to' elevate said reed at a point in its travel when either of the pins has entered beneath the upper side of the loop which is in its path, spreading said loop to assure the passage of said pin through said loop, means synchronized with said reed for releasing said loop from said carrier after said pin has entered said loop, said tensioning means con-,

tracting said loop about said pin, determining the selvage size of said loop, and a reciprocable latch needle movable parallel to the selvage line and advanceable relativelto said pin-held loop to enter said loop, and retractable to draw said loop from said pin and to shed the previous loop carried by said needle over the newly acquired loop, locking the bights of the double fill loops on one side of .the fabric in a lock stitch, said lock stitching forming mechanism being duplicated on the opposite side of the warp and operating in alternation.

5. Loom as claimed in claim 4, including means on each side of the warp operable in alternation to engage the fell of the double fill loops last laid from that side, at the selvage line, whereby when the next double fill loopis laid from that side,

fed from separate supply sources, means for suitably tensioning said yarn, carriers acting in alternation, at each reversal of the shed, for catching said yarns and laying double fill loops through the shed from opposite directions bringing the bights of said loops a slight distance beyond the selvage line, on each side, said carriers being constructed to hold one side of .the loop above and in advance oi! the other, a reed for beating up-each double fill loop, pins projecting from the sides of the-reed toward the web, and in vertical planes embracing the selvage edges, said carrier-held loops being in the path of travel of said pins when the reed moves forward to beat-up, a guide for said reed having an upward jog eil'ective before the beat-up to elevate said reed at a point in its travel when either of the pins has entered beneath the upper side of the loop whichis in its path, spreading said loop to assure the passage of said pin through said loop, means synchronized with said reed for releasing said loop from said carrier after said pin has entered said loop, said tensloning means contracting said loop about said pin, the size of the loop being determined by the size and positionof the pin and independent of the size of the carrier, whereby the latch may be made as sturdy as may be necessary to avoid vibration without producing a loose loop selvage. V

'l. Loom of that type in which the weft filling is drawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp fed from separate supply sources, means for suitably tensioning said yarn, carriers acting in alternation, at each reversal of the shed, for catching said yarns and laying double fill loops through the shed from opposite directions bringing the bights of said loops a slight distance beyond the selvage line, on each side, said carriers being constructed to hold one side of the loop above and in advance of the other, a reed for beating up each double fill loop, pins projecting from the sides of thereed toward the web, and in vertical planes embracing the selvage edges.

said carrier-held loops being in the path of travel of said pins when the reed moves forward to beat-up, whereby said pin enters said loop before beat-up, means synchronized with said reed for releasing said loop from said carrier after said pin has entered said loop, said tensioning means contracting said loop about said pin, determining the selvage size of said loop, a reciprocable latch needle movable parallel to the selvage line, said reed-carried pin and said latch needle being mutually advanceable up to a point just prior to the point of beat-up, where said needle enters said loop to withdraw it from said pin. a cam plate at the side of the path of said pin and latch needle with a cam surface downwardly inclined in the direction of the web, so

intersecting the path of transverse movement of the yarn constituting the upper side of the loop carried by the pin, as the latter advances, as to engage said yarn after the entrance of said latch needle into said loop, to depress saidyam causing said loop to hug said needle ensuring that said loop will be caught by the hook of said needle when the latter retreats.

8. Loom as claimed in claim '7, said cam plate' having a notch in its cam surface substantially in the line of the fell into which the last pick from the adjacent side of the warp is pushed by the reed at the moment of beat-up, and means synchronized with said reed to engage the said last pick at the selvage line on the side from which said pick emanated, after the next fill loop from the opposite side has been laid, said means releasing the pick which it engages from said notch and supplanting said notch as a means for. holding said pick at the fell line, said means acting asthe turning point forming a bight about the neck of the said fllling'loop from the opposite side, and determining a uniform width for the fabric.

9. In a loom, means for periodically laying a double weft loop through the'warp bringing the bight a slight distance beyond the selvage line on one side and holding it there, a pin at the sel 'vage line entering said bight prior to the beat-up of said loop, means for releasing said bight from said laying means after said pin has entered said bight butbefore the beat-up, tensioning means for drawing said bight close to said pin after its release from said laying means, a reciprocable latch needle entering said bight on said pin,

means for causing said bight to hug said latch needle ensuring its being hooked by said latch needle and drawn off of said pin upon the retreat of said latch needle, the latter upon retreating, shedding the previous bight carried by said needle, over the newly acquired bight, locking the bights of successive double fill loops on the same side of the warp, in a stitch.

10. Loom of that type in which the weft filling is drawn from'yarns at opposite .sides of the warp, fed from separate supply sources, carriers reciprocable in opposite phase in a path transversely of the warp, from positions outside the warp to lapping positions at the middle of the shed, said carriers cooperating to lay a double fill loop through the shed derived alternately from opposite yarns, at each reversal of the thread carrier, one carrier engaging the yarn at one side of the warp between the fell and the supply source, and pushing it to the middle of the shed, the other receiving the yarn and pulling it ,to the other side of the warp. said carriers each comprising a frame having a head at the advanceend rounded in a vertical plane so as to deflect-yarns crossing its path in a generally horizontal direction, said frame having a vertical longitudinal slot intersecting the rear part v end extending into the part of the slot in said head, said jaw having a forwardly opening longitudinal slot opening in the sides thereof, intersecting said recess and forming with the front wall ofvsaid recess an eye to freely surround a yarn retained in said carrier; the slotin said jaw defining upper and lowerbifurcations, the outer side of the upper bifurcation forming a yarn-deflecting. continuation of the upper surface of said head when said jaw is closed, the lower side of said upper bifurcation extending obliquely above said head when said jaw is open, forming a guide to lead a yarn engaged thereby down into said recess, the upper side of said lowerbifurcation kicking the retained yarn to a position above the level of the upper side of said head when said jaw opens, permitting release of said yarn, a bar carried by said frame connected to said jaw for rocking the same to open or closed positions, and means for actuating said bar.

11. Carrier for a loom as described in claim 10, the means for actuating said bar comprising a pair of swinging pawls carried by said frame respectively concerned solely with actuating said bar in one of the respective directions of movement of said carrier, and means engageable with said pawls for operating the jaws of said carriers in proper phase.

12. Loom of that type in which the weft filling is drawn from yarns at opposite sides of the warp, fed from separate supply sources, carriers reciprocable in opposite phase, in a path transversely of the warp, from positions outside the warp to lapping positions at the middle of the shed. said carriers cooperating to lay a double fill it to the middle of the shed, the other receiving the yarn andpulling it to the other side of the warp, said carriers each comprising a frame having a head at the advance end rounded in a vertical plane so as to deflect yarns crossing its path in a generally horizontal direction, said frame having a vertical longitudinal slot intersecting the rear part of said head and extending rearwardly therefrom, said frame being formed with a transverse recess therethrough, behind said head, intersecting said slot and opening at the top of said frame, a jaw in said slot pivoted to said frame rearwardly of said recess to swing upwardly, said jaw bridging said recess and having the forward end extending into the part of the slot in said head, said jaw .having a forwardly opening longitudinal slot opening in the sides thereof, intersecting said recess and forming with the front wall of said recess an eye to freely surround a yarn retained in said carrier, the slot in said jaw defining upper and lower bifurcations, the outer side of the upper bifurcation forming a yarn-deflecting continuation of the upper surface of said head when said jaw is closed, the lower side of said upper bifurcation extending obliquely above said head when said jaw is open, forming a guide to lead a yarn engaged thereby down into said recess, the upper side of said lower bifurcation kicking the retained yarn to a level above the upper side of said head when said jaw opens, permitting release of said yarn, a plate on said carrier extending laterally in a position to be overrun by the opposite carrier when said carriers overlap, a lip on the outer side of said plate engaging the yarn carried by said carrier, spreading the bight of said yarn across the path of the opposite carrier, ensuring that it shall be received by said carrier, and means on said carrier engageable with actuating means extraneous to said carrier for operating the jaws of said carrier in proper sequence.

, JONATHAN LUCAS. 

